Brass compacts



0. AUSTIN. JOINT FOR ARTICLES 0F CERAMIC AND SIMILAR MATERIALS AND METHdD 0F PRODUCING SAME. APPLICATION FILED NOV. I7. 1929.

1,43 1, 1 37 Patented Oct. 3, 1922,

5 SHEETS-SHEET I.

lllill immmmu JOINT FOR ARTICLES OF CERAMIC AND SIMILAR MATERIALS AND METHOD OF PFIO A. 0. AUSTIN.

nucmn SAME.

APPLICATION FILKI] NOV.I7. ISIS.

Patented Oct 3, 1922.

wa I 4 7 v v %/74MLL jg A. 0. AUSTIN.

, I I9. V

Patented Oct 3, 1922.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

l c a Patented Oct. 3, 1922.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ARTHUR o. AUSTIN, or siim'mnron, oni nss'renos, nymssmi ASSIGNMENTS, TO

THE OHIO BRASS COMPANY, DFIEANSFIELD, OHIO,

SEY.

JOINT FOR A CORPORATION OF NEW JER- AiRTICLES OF CERAMIC AND SIMILAR MA'IEItIAI-S AND METHOD OF PRO- .DUGING SAME.

- Application filed Norember- 17, 1919. Serial No. 5.534;

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ART UR (1.1 Atr s'rm, aeitix'en of the United States, residingin Barberton, county of Summit, State of 'Oh i'o, hove invented certain new and useiul'jlm: provements in Joints for Articlesof .Cerer'liic and Similur Mnteriiils and llletho'tls ofi Pro ducing Same, of which the. following' is ja specification. i l This invention has for its object the-pro vision of joints or connections of thei character named, which shall be of improved construction and operation and the rovi sionof an improved method of pro ucing such joints. L The invention is exemplified in the combination and arrangement of parts shown in the accompanying drawings and described in the following specifications. end in the steps of the process illustrated in the drewings and described in the specification. The" im'ention is more perticulairly. pointed out in the appended. claims.

In the drawings, Figure partly in section of one form of insulator having :1 joint embodying one form of pres-' ent invention.

Figure 2 is a similar view of an insulator, showing a slightly diilere nt' application of the invention.

Figure 3 is a section of a portion of an insulator, illustrating one step in the proces of forming the joint comprised, in the present invention.

Figure 4 is a similar new ferent'step in the process- Figures 5 and 6 are similar to Figures 3 and 4, illustrating the application of the process to a dificrent form of insulator.

" is a section of an insulator illusshowing 5 11:-

Figure l trating the application of. the process 111 a slightly diflerent manner..

Figure 8 is :1 section ofn portion of-im.

tional views on enlarged scales showing dia- 1 is an elevation grammatically variousformsof joints comprisedpin' the presentitivention.

Fight-e13 is a'diagrii'mmati'c View illustr'atmg the'arrengementbf parts shown in t me.

.' Figure;20 is a diagrammatic View illustratin'g errangeinent ofpzirts shown in Fig ure.. l9.',,. f

fBr'ozidly described,- the" invention comprises'tlie joining. .of.two.parts composed of ceramic or "similar material to one another byiusion at a plurality of limited points of contact, p

The invention also contemplates the regulation of the closeness of the fit between the parts by 'pro'portioriing the relative shrinle ego orexpension of the parts during firing. Theii'nvention especially applicable to articles, Inside o1"::cernmic material, such as porceliiin' and vitreous-insuletors, tile, brick end-.othererticles of like nature. In joining such articles together; it is-frequently desired cdpra 'ide an elastic. joint to prevent injury duets unequaljexpensionj end contraction and. also to' .pro'perlyl distribute forces transmitted: .fromone part to .enother. Where articles, such as insulators for-instance, have ha.d .their',parts connected together by glazin'g material which melts in firing and fills the space between theparts, great trouble has been experienced .from cracking or dunting of. the parts in all but the very small insulators. This has prevented commercial o'fLglaZe lilled insulators, and other methodsofjpining parts have had to be resorted to; v p p 1 'In the present invention, a glaze joint lniving an open mechanical structure is pro duce,d, which nlfordselesticity in the joint and-orercomesthe diff culties previously experienced. \Results sought may be secured his large variety of ways, some of which are illustratedyand. described herein, but it is understood that the invention is not limited to thespecific forms shown and described.

In Figure 1 there is shown an insulator having two porcelain parts 26 and 27, which material may be thicker on the lateral faces of the insulator parts as illustrated in the figure than it isat the portion 29, or it may be distributed in other ways; depending upon the particular requirements.

In Figure 2 there is shown an insulator havi similar parts 26 and 27, united by-a fused oint 28, and in this particular instance an open space 30 is provided between the inner surfaces of the connected parts.

the process of forming the joint',-'it is sometimes desirable to cause the connected surfaces to approach one another more closely during the firing process.

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate two stages in the formation of'such a joint. In these figures an internal part 31 is provided with a corrugated surface 32 which fits into an opening in an outer m-'33 having an interior corrugated surface 34. Before the parts are fired the inner part 31 is smaller than its surrounding part 33; so that the corrugations of the two will pass one another to permit the parts to be assembled,'as shown in igure 3. The outer partis made of matenalwhich has a greater shrinkage in firing than the inner part, so that after the two parts have been fired they will be brought closer together, as illustrated in Figure 4. The difference in the amount of contraction of the'two parts may be r ulated by the composition of the clay of ivfiiieh the parts are made in a manner wellknown to those skilled in the art, or the inner part may b e partially fired prior to assembl so that it has already partially or totally's runk when the two parts are placed to 'ether; this will cause a greater shrinkage o the outer part than the inner part in firing, and will produce the same result as where the outer art is made of material having a greater shrinkage than the inner part.

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate similar steps to those described in connection with Figs. 3 and 4, but in this case the inner part 31 instead of'being provided with corrugations 32 is threaded as shown at 35, the external threads on the part 31 being arranged to mesh with internal threads 36 on the part 33. With this arrangement it is not necessary for the points of the threads to as one another in assembling the parts, ut the two parts can be threaded together by a relative rotation. The joint will be loose, however, until the parts are fired, after which they will be in close contact, as illustrated in F igure 6.

In Figure T an internal member 38 fits into a cap 39 which is provided with projcctions 10 on its inner surface. A supple mental cap 41 is placed over the external member 3!). and the space between the parts 39 and 41 ma} be packed with a loose inaterinl, such as quartz sand to prevent the parts 39 and -11 from being fused together in firing and to transmit ressure from the part 4i to the part 39. The part 41 is made of material which has a relatively high shrinkage in firing so that itwillexert pressure on the part 39 and cause the projections 41 to be pressed closely into contact with the surface of the inner member 38. Before the parts are fired, one orthe other or, both of the adjacent surfaces of the members 38' and 39 is covered with a laze, which, during the firing o eration fuse the contacting points 0 the projections 40 to the outer surface of the interior member 38. This will provide a joint between the members 38 and 39 which is of open mechanical structure and which will afford sufiicient resiliency between the two parts to overcome dangerous stresses which might be set up by unequal contraction or expansion if solid glaze were used for connec the parts, The fact-that the outer mem er is pressedfinto engagement with the inner one during the firmg by the contraction of the cap 40 insures a.union of the projections -10 with the member 38 and prevents any flaring of the external member away from the inner part. This method of contraction permits the use of a very small quantity of glaze, as it is unnecessary to provide an excess of gla'ze material to take care of inequalities. the glaze necessary is an exceedin coat on the surface, so that any diflerence in the coe'tficient of expansion of the. glaze will have littleor no effect on the adjacent body portions;

InFigurc 8 an internal member 42 is pro vided with projections 43, which maybe formed by ribbing or k'nurling the surface of the internal member, or may be produced in a variety of ways. An external part '44 is fitted over the part 43 and may be made of material which will have a greater shrinkage in firing than part 42, so that the projections 43 will be pressed firmly into contact with the inner surface of the member 44 during firing. Instead of using material that will shrink differently, the parts may be caused to bear closely on one another in firing by shaping the parts so that .the weight of one will tend to bring it closer to the other. This will be secured if the contacting surfaces are ta cred and they will slide together during tie firing opera tion. Suflicient glaze is provided between the two surfaces, either b glazing one or the other or both of the surfaces so that when the parts are fired the. projections 43 on the member 42 will be fused to the inner surface of the member 44 to form a resilient fused glazed joint.

Figures 9 and 10 show internal members 45 and external members 46 which are caused to come into contact during firing in a manner similar to that described in connection with Figure 8 in Figure 9 the external member '46 is providedwitb circular ribs=47'which are pressedintothe material in the member 45 during the firing process and fused to the member in a mannerxsim- 6 ilar to that described. In'Figure 10 the projections 48 instead of being circular ribs as shown-in Figure 9, are in the form of threads, so that the two parts ma be screwed together, prior :to firing, i de- 10 sired. Thepa'rts maylbe so proportioned however, that they will go together readily before firing and the outer part will contract upon the'inner part to-cause the .threaded projections 48 l to 'imbed themselves slightly in the inner member in a manner similar to that described infcon'nection withFigure-Q. If the pieces are made to cause the projections onaone to be imbedded' sufliciently into the other to givc mechanical no laze is ncccssary;1..-Tlie ribsjor irre ar sur acchas the advantage that it will imbed ivhilethe material is sottfduring the firi'ngprocssand form an interlock. Thesmaller'sectionof the ribs or irregular projections'yield and are notso likely to cause damageto-the outer part during the contracting oriod. :The two surfaces may have any agree or contactby applying the glaze or fusing material In spots on the'surface which only partially cover-same:

The open mechanical structure of the fused joint between the two members may be produced in a variety of ways. Figure 11 is a fragmentary section of one form of joint, in which the member 50 18 provided with a knurled or ribbed surface producing projections 51 which contact with the adjacent surface of the member 52. The projections 51 of the member 50 are covered with glaze preparation, and in the firing this glaze preparation fuses the projections 51 to the member 52. It may not be necessary to glaze the surface of the member 52 as the glaze material on the projections 51 will ushall be sufiicient to accomplish the desired result. If additional material is found desirable, both surfaces may, of course, be glazed.

In order to provide greater elasticity in thejoint, it may be advisable to knurl or rib both surfaces as shown in Fi 'ure 12, In which the member 53 is provided with ribs 54 and the member 55 is provided with ribs 56. The ribs 54 and 56 are arranged to cross 55 one another. as illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 13. so that spaced bearing points 57 are distributed over the adjacent surfaces These bearing points willbefused together during the firing and produce the desired open work resilient joint. In order to insure contact of the joint, the outerpiece may be of a composition that will hav a greater shrinkage in firing or burning, as previously described. This shrinkage will cause the points to come mto contact du1'in 5the firing and while the material is soft. 'Ihis arrangement is desirable to prevent the shrinkage in the glaze or the tendency'oi the :outer part to 'ilare from separating the two. surfaces, so that the points of icontact will not be properly fused toeter. I Figure lat shows-the arts-58 and 59 held together by .intei'pose sand grains 60, which are fused on to thetwo surfaces. Practically a single layer of sand grains is used'in this instance which is attached to each surface by the glaze'material. The two surfaces aro'covered with a layer of glaze prior to assembly, and a single layer of sand grains is distributed over one of the surfaces. The parts are then assembled and during the firing process the unequal shrinkageof the two arts, or-the wed 'g of thetwo partsas dlescribed -bmi 'th surfaces into close contact with the ayer of sand grains and the grains. are-thus fused b' the glaze to both of the surfaces, so that tie grains of sand in effect, form struts having opposite portions connected to the two surfaces, so that a yielding joint is thus provided.-

.The character of the joint may be considerably varied by changing the number and size of the sand grains used in the joint. The material for the ins 60 may be particles of the same su stance. which is used to form the connected parts either fired or not. fired, or grains of difierent substances may be used.

In Figure 15 each member 58 and 59 is given a coating'of sand grains 60 spread upon the liquid. glaze on the surfaces of the members prior to assembly of the parts, and some, or all of the grains 60 are themselves given a coating of the glaze material, so that when the parts are fired the grains will be fused to the members 58 and 59, and will also be fused to one another to produce a resilient joint of porous or open mechanical structure.

In the form of joints shown in Fi the surfaces of the members 58 an 59 are covered with the lane material and each surface is provide a with a layer of grains 61 and 62 respectively. In this case the grains themselves are not coated with the glaze material so that they are not necessarily fused together, but are fused to the respective adjacent surfaces. The projecting grains are caused to interlock with one another by the closing of the joints, due to relative unequal contraction of the connect ed parts.

lVhere greater resiliency in the joint is desired, the glazin or fusing material may be omitted from toe surfaces. The greater contraction of the outer part, or the greater contraction of the parts relative to the sand grains will cause them to be imbedded in grit I which swells in firin of. several layers of the particles to one themain members while soft. This imbedding will produce an interlock and hold the putts-together;

- In Figure 18 a layer of grains 60 may be distributed over the surfaces of one of the members: 58 or 59 which is coated with has and the joint between the two memm'ay-Jbe contracted during firin by a relative unequal contraction of the iodies, so that the grains will cause indentations in theadjacentsurfaccs of the two bodies, and thusbecome partially imbedded-in each of the: connected bodies. I -..=In the various forms of j oiuts-describcd in which sand grains are usedcleerane of'tlle joint may be taken-up by the use of grains (xiii-"material which" has previously been burned; so that it will have no further shrinkage, or if it 'is'desired, quartz sand or may be used to secure a. good fitin the joint; Figure 17 the surface between the meinbersfiS hncl 59 is-sh'ownes-bein sulfi ciently wide to permit of the intro uction grains between the two members. This gives a joint of fairly open construction and makes it possible to provide considerable elasticity or yield in the joint. In-such case it is necessary not only to'fuse the grains to the body portions 58 and 59,' but they must in addition be fused to one another. This can be accomplished by glazing the grains, or by mixing grains which are glazed with others that are onglazed. The structure may be made still more open andyiclding by mixing with the grains-other grains or particles which have a large amount of shrinkage during firing, orwhi'ch will burn out, leaving open spaces. By changing the relative portions of the grains-of different characters, the resiliency of the joint may be regulated to suit various conditions. Grains which are nonshrinking or even expanding during the firingprocess may be used, and may be unglazed if other particles are intermingled which will produce glaze material during the firing, and which will have sufficient shrinkage to produce the open work structure. The joint may, of course be made up by using any combination of grains which shrink. burn out fuse entirely, or which may expand in firing. 1f the shrinking grains are made of material which will fuse and form glaze at the firing temperature. it is evidentt-hat these may serve a double purpose'of keeping the structure open and providing material for fusing the other grains together.

The material for the glazing in Figure 17 may also be provided by pouring into a joint previously filled with grainsv a slight amount of glaze material, either in liquid or powder form. which will run down and fuse another and to the body.

except The-glaze imeteiii'rl (can be." made torhuve- -a large shrinkage soithet it will leave an'open structure of sand grains fused'to one an- Oi'2hBI'.-: 1; 1;: .4 Figures i9? and '20 showa. structuresimi- 7D lar to that illustrated in-F' ures 12 imd 1-3-,= that the parts'joine in-Figures 19 and 20 are-caused to be pressed more firmlytogether by.'relative shrinkage, .or other means, so that the ribs 54 and. 56 are pressed 15 into one another at their; crossin points; causing slight depresions inthe ri s where they cross one. another; {This insures .;a= proper fusing oftthe parts where they-com tact. In some cases-this indentation may produce sufii'eient interlock-.withoiit the use of a filaze or fusing, material. In igure 21"-thepai-ts 53 and 55 are roughly knurled or grooved, and are brought togetherso that the projections contact hrshit or miss way. i Y In Figure 22' the part 53-is provided-with projections'which are pressed into the part 55 by: the relative'unemgua 1 shrinkegeofthe connected portion, or y the weight of onepart on thelotliers.

a In: Figure--23 ,anointernal member, 6L- is provided :withthrehdsGEcnd-is placediwithin sirexterrial member 63,}so that on firing,

the external member 63 shrinks upon the in- 96 ternal member 61 and causes the-threads to become embedded inthe surface 'ofthe mom her 63. The rojectiori-62 may be-provided' inplaces wit zr l'aze muterial so that'the parts will'befu together at sp'atiedpoint-s' 100 afiehfiriingi i "i i I similirr construction in '"F' rure24 shows a wh'ic .the'ribs 62 fio'rzn circular corrugations instead of 'threads,'-as 'in Fi'gur 23.

ln-Figurel 25" the parts'53 and 55;;have plain abutting surfaces-which are forced together by unequal shrinking and one of the surfaces has ablaze material distributed thereover it space -points'- of" limited-extent, so that after firing, the two' surfaces are fused together by the glaze m'iiterinl, but are thus 'united st separated points only. This same method of distributing the glaize o'r uniting the two parts inn-y be used in connectionwith the joints shown in Figures 3', 4', 5 and 6.

Andther'form of resilient fused or glazed joint may be produced by usinga-ompost tion which; is viscous at the firing teni'perature and whichwill remain-full of smallopenings or voids after the firing is comleted. The openin are produced by bubfiles of gasgiven 0 during the fusing and by the air which may be entrapped in'the material, so that an open-structure results 1% wh'en'the joint is completed. This open structure provides resiliency and relieves the main body portion of dangerous stress due to uneven expansion or contraction during firing or U1 operation.

The various forms .ofresilient .fused joints described, in addition to eliminating the danger of injury due to unequal or improper distribution of stresses havea further advantage where aihigh degree'of mechanical reliability isnecessary. Where. parts are supported by --an insulator for;jinstanee,

great: damage may bedone iLthei-partsare permitted to fall. Insulators may bemad'e 10 up-of multiple parts whiclrcarry ithe -mechanical stress, and if the artsmere fixedly connected together, a; crest starting ;inone part-would be veryaptto continue tothe other parts connectedtherewith. .Where 115 an open work joint is interposedt-between the parts such es-thuszidescribed a crack in one part will. notcontinue'. across such-a .joint into another part, so;that the mechanical reliability of the insulator is very-greatly ,increased. This same: adventage-js-present, notv only in insulators, but in a; reat many structures. It is evident that m tiplej glass members or ceramic wares of: any nature .which can be fired so that-v-lazemill-ifuse theggrains or projections 'Wlfi';h8-Yeqs. milal -advantages where a joint of.-the.;nature; de- :scribed 15 used. lt is easily seenithatthis w'iS iapplicable to -=vitreous materialgsuch as sanitary-ware and building tile; or where .it ,is desirable to;' limit a vcrack .so that. pieces of wars will not be entirely destroyed, cr sp-theta part may not become'detached and fell, -a.sin the: case of buildinmornm ments.

': 86: ;In'th'e case of insulators the use'of multi- .ple" shells i and tube or flange members ,to provide mechanical reliability for. pin,'pill ar -;and ost type insulators, as .well 1 as insulaztors used injtension, is greatly-iacflitatedby -connectin the arts bymeans ofresilient o n wor fuse joints. in accordance with t e present invention.

- The invention makes it possible to make insulators of the largest-size successfully.

The firing operation or burning of the-ware also. serves the purpose of securing the several parts together, so that additionalassembly 'workor the use of cement for joining the several parts together becomes un- Inecessary. The'fused joint eliminates the use of conducting material in thejoinnsaves the labor of asscmbl permits control of stress and eliminates t e possibility of stress setup by cement or other holding material.

. fiiThis invention gives latitude in manufac- ..ture.so'that careful fitsarenot necessary, i

' ...Where it is desirable to form a conducting surface in the joint for thedistribution of electrostatic stress, this can be done by pouring a plating 0r nrnatalizing solution mto the porous joint, such as a solution, or by introducinginto the .jointi-a composition which will remain orbecome conducting during the burning or firing of the parts.

silvering .=Whei e it is desirable to prevent a dis charge inthe spaces and it is not desirable toiuse a conductingimaterial, the open space inthejoint may be filled, with an insulating materiahsuch. as wax, parafiine, or oil, or :isphalturn.

,wll-Incombination. a. plurality of ceramic bodies-having surfaces adjacent one another and spaced apartiby. interposedw particles fused to said surfaces to connect said bodies imone another. i .--.2.i-In combinations plurality of ceramic bodies having adjacent surfaces connected to 'oneanother by. fused m erial at spaced limited pointsiof contact.

3.-- lnrcombination a-plurality of ceramic bodies having adjacent Isuriaces connected to one :another at spaced limited oints of juncture hv lazed. material fusec to said surfaces;

.. 4. lnicomhinetiona=5plurality of ceramic -.bodies joined to. one another by a fused glaze having a porous structure-to rovide resilien y..-

the joint thus formed.-

. 5.-n combination a plurality; of ceramic bodies connected-tonne another bye fused ,glazeandmeans in the-joint thus formed ,to.im art amorous-resilient character to said aze. 1 6.- n combinationa pair of bodies joined to .one anotheriby. a f used lame and particles .-.of material --.-interp0sefi. between .said

bodies the; joint thusformed to control the distribution of'theglaze so as to form .a porousyieldingjoint.

Ini-combinat oma pair of bodies having adjecent.surfaces,- articles of material .interposed between sai bodies and having limited points of contactflwith said bodies 'andiwith-one another,'said particles being ,held at said points of contact b a fused glaze to form a joint between saic bodies.

8. In combination a pair of ceramic bodies connected to one another by a fused glaze and particles of ceramic. material held in .place by .said glaze .in the joint thus formed to impart resiliency to said joint.

9. In combinationapainofrbodies having surfaces thereof adjaoentione another, separate ;portions of material interposed be- ,tween said surfaces and-connected therewith to form a yielding j oint between said bodies,

said portions of, materialiheing secured to .one-pf said surfaces by; fusion.

'10. 'In .combination apair of ceramic .bodieshavingadjacent surfaces and portions of material interposed between said surfaces andfused thereto to form a crous yieldin fusedrjoint between said he ies.

11..' combination a pair of ceramic :bodiesnonnectedto one another by porous fused-material to form theivielding joint between said bodies.

. 12. In combination a. pairof ceramic bod- 13 has connected-together iopen mechanics-lstructure amggs 130; re- -v'e'n t a crack in one of fi' Gm spreading to another-thereof;-

structure, arranged to 'ies having adjacent, surfaces, spacmgmembers'intei-pose'd between saitb's'urface's and having fused connection 'with one of said bodies.

14. In combination a pair cioeramie b0dies having adjacent surfnces'and spaein material interposed between said surfaces, said members being connected with one of said surfaces by fused-glaze to'progide a resilient joint ofopen meehanical struct iire.

15. In combinations-pair of pemmic'bddbe ies having surfaces -nd1acent on9 another, separate 'spacin' members =interposed 'beitween said bodies and forming struts fo'r connecting said bodies, "sui'd' spacihg znembers being secured to one of said -su rfhces by fused glaze.

16. In combinations. fceramicbOdies arran ed one within another; spacing b members interposed {between said bodies to 'form connecting-struts between said-bodies, said spacing members bein' held -'to one of said bodies by fused glazes material.

1 17. In combination a air cf ceram'i'c bodyja fused 'oint of sa d. members" jes connectcd to-one anther by ajoigit, eon;-

pr-ising spacing *m mb'rs distmibuted silver adjacent surfaces of said bodies and'flie'ld in place by a fused glazing -ma.teri'al ;to" prd- {ride a resilient joint o'iflopen mechanical prevent the spreading of a crack in one of said members across said joint to the other member. j

19. In combination a pair of ceramic bodies and grains of material be interposed between said bodies, and held n place by fused lazci 20. n combination apair of'ceramic bodies having adjacent surfaces, spaced apart and united by a porous elastic "fused joint, arranged to prevent the spread of a crack from one. of said bodies-tothe other thereof.

21.' In combination a pair of'ceramic bodies having adjacent surfaces, spaced apart by grains of material distributedtherebetween and held in placebyd used glaze to form a porous elastic joint between said bodies, arranged to prevent'the-spread of a crack from one of said bodies to the other.

22. In combination a pair of ceramic bodics having a fused joint of open mechanical structure thcrcbctween and electrical conducting material in said-joint.

23. In combination a pair of ceramic bod- 'i'cs havingspaced connecting members interposed-between ad'acent surfaces, and held in place by fuse glaze toform a rous elastic joint between said bodies, an electrical conducting material-in said joint. 00 24Incombination an insulator com rising-a pairof connected parts and a ient fporous fused joint between said vitrified p'arts.

* 25: In combination fan-insulator -'con1pr in- #5 ing -a pair of connected parts and a fused joint for holding said parts 'togetherymmprisi x'igspaced part'ic'lesand fused -glaze' for hold ng said particles in'place and said m'rts inconncction one another. 1 Iii-combination ah insulator com 7 ing-fa pair o f'connected-piirts and a goin t tweed S8.ld"p'll'tS chin gcejd cbnnecting-Lmembezs secure to'sa'i arts by fused-' glnzel-nnd electrical metal-i --;in:"said joint regulate the 'distribntiomofi electricalstreme's '2'Ti The -pifoce'ss of uniting "two ceralnic bo'diesha gr-unequal shrinkage 'duriti firfwhich comprises the' fissembling oithe godis' prior to firing, the introduction 3 of *spacin m'embersbetween adjacentsurfaees of thebodi' s, n n mg glazin'g' material to members an f ingithe bo'dies'ii hfis as- "fi mbled 't'o -cnuse the adjacel'lt' surfaces bf said bodies to approach one another du fii-in'g and-to cause said specin 1 to be' fuse daid glazd40- ass-e of said surfaces in material. fl he probs'sjdfuniting ceramicjbbdies -to pna -nnether, the" stepspf-ass mbiing said 'bodieswiths ming member-a t' ei-a ia e a s 'i r tf pr s glaziiiggfiatiahail to said'spacin m'emliers andfiring the bodios' thus' assel'nb ed-to cause said bodies to be fused together -*bv=seid glazing material. The proces of unitingoeramicbodies togethergcomprising "the introduction {of spacing particles and glazing material "tween adjacent surfaces of said bodies and -subseqnently firing the bodies.

3O."The' prooess of uniting ceramic bodies to one -another,- comprising the assembling of saidbodieswith spacin particles and "glazing material between adjacent surfaces thereof and firing said bodies to cause fusion of said glazing materiaL 31; The process of uniting ceramic bodies together, comprising the-steps of introduc-' 1*20 ing a portion of one set of said bodies-into an opening of another-thereof, 'introdu'ci spacing members and glazing material' between adjacent surfaces'of said bodies and firing said bodies to cause the outer oneof'l'zs said bodies to shrink upon the inner body and to cause said spacing members'tdbe fused to said bodies by said'glazing material.

32. In combination a-pair'of vitre'ous'ljqdies having adjacent surfaces, me'ahsdntet- 180 posed between said surfaces and extending extending into indentations in one of. said into indentations therein for holding said surfaces to form a connection between said bodies together. bodies. 10

33. In combination a pair of vitreous bod- In testimony whereof I have signed my 5 ies having adjacent surfaces thereof held name to this specification on this 4th day against separation from one another and of November, A. D. 1919. means interposed between said surfaces and ARTHUR O. AUSTIN. 

